Genetic Counseling and Testing for Colorectal Cancer in Young Adults: Mini-Review by Ethem Unal in Peer Reviewed Journal of Forensic & Genetic Sciences (PRJFGS) in Lupine Publishers
Colorectal
cancer (CRC) has one of the largest proportions of familial cases. Two to 5% of
all colon cancers arise in the setting of inherited syndromes, including Lynch
syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer [HNPCC]), familial
adenomatous polyposis (FAP), attenuated FAP, MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP),
and certain hamartomatous polyposis conditions like Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
(PJS) and juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS). All of these conditions are
inherited, autosomal dominant disorders, except MAP, which is autosomal
recessive [l]. Although clinical similarities do exist, each has different
cancer risks, characteristic clinical features, and separate genetical
etiologies. In addition to these syndromes, up to 30 % of colon cancers exhibit
increased familial risk, likely related to inheritance. A number of less
penetrant, but possibly more frequent susceptibility genes have been identified
for this level of inheritance.
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